The intricate process of cell division relies heavily on the precise organization of chromosomal DNA. For cells to divide successfully, their DNA must be meticulously packed into compact, rod-shaped structures. This condensation is not merely a matter of spatial efficiency; it's a fundamental requirement for ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct genetic information. When this process goes awry, the consequences can be severe, potentially leading to cell death or the development of diseases such as cancer. Recent scientific investigations have shed new light on the dynamic changes chromosomes undergo during cell division. Researchers have been able to observe, in high resolution, the structural transformations of entire chromosomes within dividing cells. These observations provide unprecedented insights into the mechanisms that govern chromosome formation and organization. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for diseases linked to chromosomal abnormalities. The study reveals that specific protein complexes play a vital role in orchestrating the folding of DNA. These complexes facilitate the formation of overlapping loops within the DNA structure. These loops exhibit a unique
