Recent warnings from the scientific community highlight a growing concern: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, possesses the potential to evolve into a significant global health threat if its risks are underestimated. While recent outbreaks may have faded from peak public attention, experts caution that complacency could be dangerous. The virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, has demonstrated its capacity for human-to-human transmission, moving beyond its historical confinement to specific regions and animal reservoirs. The 2022 global outbreak served as a stark reminder of how quickly infectious diseases can spread in our interconnected world. Although public health measures and vaccination campaigns helped control that specific event, the underlying factors that facilitated its spread remain relevant. Scientists emphasize that viruses constantly evolve, and Mpox is no exception. There is concern that mutations could potentially enhance its transmissibility, severity, or ability to evade existing immunity derived from past infection or smallpox vaccination, which offers some cross-protection. Understanding the transmission dynamics is crucial for ongoing vigilance. Mpox primarily spreads through close, personal, often skin-to-skin contact with the infectious rash, scabs, or body fluids. Respiratory secretions during prolonged face-to-face contact, or touching items (like clothing or linens) previously touched by an infectious person, are also potential routes. This mode of transmission underscores the importance of continued public health surveillance and awareness, particularly within communities that may be at higher risk due to social networks or specific activities involving close contact. The warning issued by scientists is not merely theoretical; it is grounded in the observed behavior of the virus and the history of infectious diseases. Underestimating Mpox could lead to delayed responses in future outbreaks, allowing the virus to gain a stronger foothold globally. Maintaining robust surveillance systems, ensuring equitable access to diagnostics and vaccines, and continuing research into the virus's evolution are critical steps. Public health communication must also remain clear and consistent, educating people about risks and preventive measures without causing undue panic. Therefore, the message from researchers is clear: Mpox requires sustained attention and resources. It should not be relegated to the list of past health scares but viewed as an ongoing potential threat requiring preparedness. Continued investment in global health security, rapid response capabilities, and international cooperation are essential to mitigate the risk of Mpox, or any infectious disease, escalating into a larger crisis. Proactive measures and a refusal to become complacent are our best defenses against this potential global health challenge.
